Crypto Tax Guide USA 2026: IRS Rules Explained

What crypto taxes must you pay? Form 8949. Capital gains. Staking income. Penalties for not reporting.

📋 Crypto Taxable Events

🔴 Buying/Selling Crypto

Sell BTC for $50K (cost basis $40K) = $10K capital gain = TAXABLE. Short-term (<1 year) = ordinary income tax (up to 37%). Long-term (>1 year) = 0-20% capital gains (better).

🟡 Staking Rewards

Earn 0.5 ETH staking = $1,725 (at $3,450/ETH) = TAXABLE as ordinary income. Even if you hold 5+ years. Report on Form 1040.

🟢 Trading Crypto for Crypto

Swap ETH for SOL = TAXABLE event. Even though no USD involved. Calculated at ETH value at time of trade.

🔵 NFT Sales

Sell NFT for $10K (cost basis $3K) = $7K capital gain = TAXABLE. Same rules as crypto assets.

⚠️ Penalties for Not Reporting

Civil Penalty: 20-75% of unpaid tax + interest

Criminal Penalty: Tax evasion = up to 5 years prison + $250K fine

Statute of Limitations: IRS can audit up to 6 years back (sometimes more)

→ Report everything. Better safe.

💻 How to Report (Form 8949)

Step 1: Use tax software (CoinTracker, Koinly, TurboTax crypto) to calculate gains

Step 2: Fill Form 8949 (Sales of Capital Assets) for each trade

Step 3: Summary goes to Schedule D (Capital Gains/Losses)

Step 4: Schedule D attached to Form 1040 (main tax return)

⚠️ Disclaimer: Not tax advice. Consult a CPA familiar with crypto. Tax rules change constantly.